Live SOI, ENSO, and IOD data with state-by-state impact interpretation · Updated daily
Climate drivers are the most significant influence on Australian agricultural conditions. The Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phase, and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) together determine seasonal rainfall patterns, drought risk, and growing conditions across the continent. agriIQ tracks these indicators daily and interprets their impact on agriculture for each Australian state and territory.
ENSO Phase
Neutral
SOI (Current)
+2
30d: -7.8 · 90d: +5.54
Niño 3.4
-0.49°C
Sea surface temperature anomaly
Indian Ocean Dipole
+0.15
Neutral IOD (2025-04)
46
/ 100
Based on rainfall, soil moisture, SOI, ENSO phase, and IOD · SA wettest (300% of avg), QLD driest (0% of avg)
How the current ENSO phase (Neutral) affect agricultural conditions in each state.
ENSO: Near-average conditions — no strong climate signal
ENSO: Near-average conditions — no strong climate signal
ENSO: Near-average conditions — no strong climate signal
ENSO: Near-average conditions — no strong climate signal
ENSO: Near-average conditions — no strong climate signal
ENSO: Near-average conditions — no strong climate signal
ENSO: Near-average conditions — no strong climate signal
Warmer Pacific waters shift rainfall away from Australia. Eastern states typically experience below-average rainfall, higher temperatures, and increased drought risk. Cropping yields fall, pasture deteriorates, and water allocations tighten. Historically associated with major Australian droughts.
Cooler Pacific waters push moisture towards Australia. Eastern states typically receive above-average rainfall, supporting crop growth and pasture recovery. Dam levels rise and soil moisture improves. However, excessive rainfall increases flood risk and can damage unharvested crops.
The IOD influences southern and western Australia most strongly during autumn and winter. A positive IOD reduces rainfall in the southern cropping belt, while a negative IOD increases it. The IOD can amplify or moderate ENSO effects.
The SOI measures the difference in air pressure between Tahiti and Darwin. Sustained positive values (above +7) indicate La Niña conditions (typically wetter for eastern Australia), while sustained negative values (below -7) indicate El Niño (typically drier). The current SOI reading is +2 with a 30-day average of -7.8.
ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation) is the strongest climate driver for Australian farming. El Niño typically brings drought to eastern Australia, reducing crop yields and pasture growth. La Niña typically brings above-average rainfall, boosting production but increasing flood risk. The current ENSO phase is Neutral.
The IOD measures sea surface temperature differences across the Indian Ocean. A positive IOD typically reduces rainfall in southern and western Australia, while a negative IOD increases it. The IOD has its strongest impact on autumn and winter rainfall.
agriIQ incorporates SOI, ENSO phase, Niño 3.4, and IOD into the seasonal conditions dimension score. Climate drivers adjust the baseline rainfall outlook for each state, and the state-by-state impact interpretations on this page show what the current phase means for agriculture in each region.
agriIQ refreshes SOI, ENSO, and IOD data daily from BOM and NOAA/CPC sources. The data pipeline runs each morning (AEST) as part of the 18-source ingestion process.
